template-nest-go/template_nest.go

package templatenest

import (
	"fmt"
	"html"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

type Hash map[string]interface{}

// Option holds configuration for TemplateNest
type Option struct {
	Delimiters            [2]string
	NameLabel             *string   // Identify the template to be used
	TemplateDir           string    // Directory where templates are located
	TemplateExtension     *string   // Appended on the label to idenfity the template
	DieOnBadParams        bool      // Attempt to populate a variable that doesn't exist should result in an error
	ShowLabels            bool      // Prepend & Append a string to every template, helpful in debugging
	CommentDelimiters     [2]string // Used in conjunction with ShowLabels, if HTML then use '<!--', '-->'
	FixedIndent           bool      // Intended to improve readability when inspecting nested templates
	TokenEscapeChar       string    // Escapes a token delimiter, i.e. if set to '\' then variables that have '\' prefix won't be replaced
	DefaultsNamespaceChar *string
	Defaults              Hash // Provide a hash of default values that are substituted if template hash does not provide a value
	NoEscapeInput         bool // By default all template values are html escaped
}

type TemplateNest struct {
	option       Option
	defaultsFlat Hash
	cache        map[string]TemplateFileIndex
}

// TemplateFileIndex represents an indexed template file.
type TemplateFileIndex struct {
	Contents      string
	LastModified  time.Time              // Last modified timestamp of the template file
	Variables     []TemplateFileVariable // List of variables in the template file
	VariableNames map[string]struct{}    // Set of variable names
}

// TemplateFileVariable represents a variable in a template file.
type TemplateFileVariable struct {
	Name          string
	StartPosition uint // Start position of the complete variable string (including delimiters)
	EndPosition   uint // End position of the complete variable string (including delimiters)
	IndentLevel   uint // Indentation level of the variable
	EscapedToken  bool // Indicates if the variable was escaped with token escape character
}

func New(opts Option) (*TemplateNest, error) {
	// Check if the TemplateDir exists and is a directory.
	templateDirInfo, err := os.Stat(opts.TemplateDir)
	if err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("template dir `%s` does not exist", opts.TemplateDir)
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error checking template dir: %w", err)
	}
	if !templateDirInfo.IsDir() {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("template dir `%s` is not a directory", opts.TemplateDir)
	}

	// Set defaults for options that the user hasn't provided.
	if opts.Delimiters == [2]string{} {
		opts.Delimiters = [2]string{"<!--%", "%-->"}
	}
	if opts.CommentDelimiters == [2]string{} {
		opts.CommentDelimiters = [2]string{"<!--", "-->"}
	}
	if opts.NameLabel == nil {
		nameLabel := "TEMPLATE"
		opts.NameLabel = &nameLabel
	}
	if opts.TemplateExtension == nil {
		ext := "html"
		opts.TemplateExtension = &ext
	}
	if opts.DefaultsNamespaceChar == nil {
		namespaceChar := "."
		opts.DefaultsNamespaceChar = &namespaceChar
	}
	if opts.Defaults == nil {
		opts.Defaults = make(map[string]interface{})
	}

	// Initialize TemplateNest with the final options.
	nest := &TemplateNest{
		option:       opts,
		cache:        make(map[string]TemplateFileIndex),
		defaultsFlat: flattenMap(opts.Defaults, "", opts.DefaultsNamespaceChar),
	}

	// Walk through the template directory and index the templates.
	err = filepath.Walk(opts.TemplateDir, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Skip directories
		if info.IsDir() {
			return nil
		}

		// Check if the file has the correct extension.
		if *opts.TemplateExtension != "" &&
			!strings.HasSuffix(info.Name(), "."+*opts.TemplateExtension) {
			return nil
		}

		// Index the template and store it in the cache.
		templateIndex, err := nest.index(path)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Get the relative path of the file.
		relPath, err := filepath.Rel(opts.TemplateDir, path)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Remove the extension from the relative path.
		templateName := relPath
		if *opts.TemplateExtension != "" {
			templateName = strings.TrimSuffix(relPath, "."+*opts.TemplateExtension)
		}

		nest.cache[templateName] = templateIndex
		return nil
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return nest, nil
}

// flattenMap flattens a nested map[string]interface{} into a flat map with
// dot-separated keys.
func flattenMap(input Hash, parentKey string, separator *string) Hash {
	result := make(map[string]interface{})
	for key, value := range input {
		fullKey := key
		if parentKey != "" {
			fullKey = parentKey + *separator + key
		}

		// Check if the value is a nested map
		if nestedMap, ok := value.(Hash); ok {
			// If separator is nil then there is no point in the user passing us
			// a nested map.
			if separator != nil {
				for k, v := range flattenMap(nestedMap, fullKey, separator) {
					result[k] = v
				}
			}
		} else {
			result[fullKey] = value
		}
	}
	return result
}

func (nest *TemplateNest) index(filePath string) (TemplateFileIndex, error) {
	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filePath)
	if err != nil {
		return TemplateFileIndex{}, fmt.Errorf("error reading file (`%s`): %w", filePath, err)
	}

	// Capture last modified time
	fileInfo, err := os.Stat(filePath)
	if err != nil {
		return TemplateFileIndex{}, fmt.Errorf("error getting file (`%s`) info: %w", filePath, err)
	}

	variableNames := make(map[string]struct{})
	variables := []TemplateFileVariable{}

	delimiterStart := nest.option.Delimiters[0]
	delimiterEnd := nest.option.Delimiters[1]
	escapeChar := nest.option.TokenEscapeChar

	re := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(
		"%s\\s*(.+?)\\s*%s", regexp.QuoteMeta(delimiterStart), regexp.QuoteMeta(delimiterEnd),
	))

	contentsStr := string(contents)
	matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatchIndex(string(contents), -1)
	for _, match := range matches {
		if len(match) < 4 {
			continue
		}

		startIdx := match[0]
		endIdx := match[1]
		nameStartIdx := match[2]
		nameEndIdx := match[3]

		varName := string(contents[nameStartIdx:nameEndIdx])
		variableNames[varName] = struct{}{}

		// If token escape char is set then look behind for it and if we
		// find the escape char then we're only going to remove the escape
		// char and not remove this variable.
		if escapeChar != "" && startIdx >= len(escapeChar) {
			escapeStartIdx := startIdx - len(escapeChar)
			if contentsStr[escapeStartIdx:startIdx] == escapeChar {
				variables = append(variables, TemplateFileVariable{
					Name:          "",
					StartPosition: uint(escapeStartIdx),
					EndPosition:   uint(escapeStartIdx + len(escapeChar)),
					EscapedToken:  true,
				})
				continue
			}
		}

		// If fixed indent is enabled then record the indent level for this
		// variable. To get the indent level we look at each character in
		// reverse from the start position of the variable until we find a
		// newline character.
		indentLevel := 0
		if nest.option.FixedIndent {
			// If we do not encounter a newline then that means this variable is
			// on the first line, we take the start position as the indent
			// level.
			lineStartIdx := strings.LastIndex(contentsStr[:startIdx], "\n")
			if lineStartIdx == -1 {
				indentLevel = startIdx
			} else {
				indentLevel = startIdx - lineStartIdx - 1
			}
		}

		variables = append(variables, TemplateFileVariable{
			Name:          varName,
			StartPosition: uint(startIdx),
			EndPosition:   uint(endIdx),
			IndentLevel:   uint(indentLevel),
		})
	}

	fileIndex := TemplateFileIndex{
		Contents:      contentsStr,
		LastModified:  fileInfo.ModTime(),
		VariableNames: variableNames,
		Variables:     variables,
	}

	return fileIndex, nil
}

// getTemplateFilePath takes a template name and returns the file path for the
// template.
func (nest *TemplateNest) getTemplateFilePath(templateName string) string {
	if *nest.option.TemplateExtension == "" {
		return filepath.Join(nest.option.TemplateDir, templateName)
	}

	return filepath.Join(
		nest.option.TemplateDir,
		fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", templateName, *nest.option.TemplateExtension),
	)
}

func (nest *TemplateNest) MustRender(toRender interface{}) string {
	render, err := nest.Render(toRender)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return render
}

func (nest *TemplateNest) Render(toRender interface{}) (string, error) {
	if reflect.TypeOf(toRender).Kind() == reflect.Slice {
		return nest.renderSlice(toRender)
	}

	switch v := toRender.(type) {
	case nil:
		return "", nil

	case bool:
		return fmt.Sprintf("%t", v), nil

	case string:
		if nest.option.NoEscapeInput {
			return v, nil
		}
		return html.EscapeString(v), nil

	case float32:
		return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(v), 'f', -1, 32), nil
	case float64:
		return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', -1, 64), nil
	case int:
		return strconv.Itoa(v), nil
	case int8:
		return strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), 10), nil
	case int16:
		return strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), 10), nil
	case int32:
		return strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), 10), nil
	case int64:
		return strconv.FormatInt(v, 10), nil
	case uint:
		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), 10), nil
	case uint8:
		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), 10), nil
	case uint16:
		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), 10), nil
	case uint32:
		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), 10), nil
	case uint64:
		return strconv.FormatUint(v, 10), nil

	case Hash:
		return nest.renderHash(v)

	case map[string]interface{}:
		return nest.renderHash(v)

	default:
		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported template hash value type: %T: %+v", v, v)
	}
}

func (nest *TemplateNest) renderSlice(toRender interface{}) (string, error) {
	val := reflect.ValueOf(toRender)
	if val.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("expected slice, got: %T", toRender)
	}

	var rendered strings.Builder
	for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
		element := val.Index(i).Interface()
		subRender, err := nest.Render(element)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		rendered.WriteString(subRender)
	}
	return rendered.String(), nil
}

func (nest *TemplateNest) renderHash(hash map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
	tLabel, ok := hash[*nest.option.NameLabel]
	if !ok {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"encountered hash with no name label (name label: `%s`)", nest.option.NameLabel,
		)
	}

	tName, ok := tLabel.(string)
	if !ok {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"encountered hash with invalid name label type: %+v", tLabel,
		)
	}

	tFile := nest.getTemplateFilePath(tName)
	fileInfo, err := os.Stat(tFile)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("error getting file info: %w", err)
	}

	tIndex, exists := nest.cache[tName]

	// If cache doesn't exist or has expired, re-index the file.
	if !exists || fileInfo.ModTime().After(tIndex.LastModified) {
		newIndex, err := nest.index(tFile)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("file index failed: %w", err)
		}
		tIndex = newIndex
	}

	if nest.option.DieOnBadParams {
		for k, _ := range hash {
			// If a variable in template hash is not present in template
			// file and it's not the template label then it's a bad param.
			_, exists := tIndex.VariableNames[k]
			if !exists && k != *nest.option.NameLabel {
				return "", fmt.Errorf(
					"bad params in template hash, variable not present in template file: `%s`", k,
				)
			}
		}
	}

	rendered := tIndex.Contents
	for i := len(tIndex.Variables) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		variable := tIndex.Variables[i]
		if variable.EscapedToken {
			rendered = rendered[:variable.StartPosition] + rendered[variable.EndPosition:]
			continue
		}

		// If the variable doesn't exist in template hash then replace it
		// with an empty string.
		replacement := ""

		value, exists := hash[variable.Name]
		defaultValue, defaultExists := nest.defaultsFlat[variable.Name]

		if exists || defaultExists {
			if !exists {
				value = defaultValue
			}

			subRender, err := nest.Render(value)
			if err != nil {
				return "", err
			}

			if nest.option.FixedIndent && variable.IndentLevel != 0 {
				indentReplacement := "\n" + strings.Repeat(" ", int(variable.IndentLevel))
				subRender = strings.ReplaceAll(subRender, "\n", indentReplacement)
			}

			replacement = subRender
		}

		// Replace in rendered template
		rendered = rendered[:variable.StartPosition] + replacement + rendered[variable.EndPosition:]
	}

	if nest.option.ShowLabels {
		labelStart := fmt.Sprintf(
			"%s BEGIN %s %s\n",
			nest.option.CommentDelimiters[0], tName, nest.option.CommentDelimiters[1],
		)
		labelEnd := fmt.Sprintf(
			"%s END %s %s\n",
			nest.option.CommentDelimiters[0], tName, nest.option.CommentDelimiters[1],
		)
		rendered = labelStart + rendered + labelEnd
	}

	return strings.TrimSpace(rendered), nil
}